Tirotoxicosis por enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional: revisión a partir de 3 casos / Thyrotoxicosis due to gestational trophoblastic disease: clinical cases

La enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional (ETG) es una complicación del embarazo poco común. Corresponde a un espectro de lesiones proliferativas del tejido trofoblástico: Mola Hidatiforme (MH) en sus formas parcial y completa, Coriocarcinoma, Tumor Trofoblástico y Tumor Trofoblástico Epiteloide. Los distintos tipos de ETG presentan en común la hipersecreción de gonadotrofina coriónica humana (hCG). La hCG es una hormona glicoproteica con una estructura muy similar a la TSH, por lo cual puede estimular la función tiroidea en condiciones fisiológicas y en algunas condiciones patológicas. La ETG puede cursar con hipertiroidismo, el cual puede variar en intensidad, desde una presentación asintomática con alteración leve de hormonas tiroideas a un cuadro de hipertiroidismo manifiesto. Se presentan 3 casos clínicos de pacientes con ETG, específicamente MH que evolucionaron con tirotoxicosis transitoria. Los casos presentaron un cuadro leve de hipertiroidismo con pocos síntomas asociados. La taquicardia fue el único síntoma en la mayoría de los casos. En todas las pacientes las hormonas tiroideas se normalizaron después del tratamiento de la ETG. Conclusión: Se debe tener presente la posibilidad de hipertiroidismo en toda paciente con ETG. Un alto nivel de sospecha permitirá identificar a aquellas pacientes que cursen con hipertiroidismo, permitiendo así un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a rare complication of pregnancy. GTD includes a group of proliferative lesions of trophoblastic tissue: partial and complete hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, and placental site trophoblastic tumor. The different types of GTD have in common the hypersecretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). HCG is a glycoprotein hormone with a similar structure to TSH. In physiological and pathological conditions hCG can stimulate thyroid function. GTD can present with hyperthyroidism, which can vary in intensity, from an asymptomatic presentation with mild alteration of thyroid hormones to a manifest hyperthyroidism. We present 3 clinical cases of patients with GTD thyrotoxicosis. All cases presented mild hyperthyroidism. Tachycardia was the only symptom in most cases. In all patients thyroid hormones return to normal after treatment of GTD. Conclusion: In patients with GTD the possibility of hyperthyroidism should be kept in mind. A high level of suspicion will allow to identifying patients with hyperthyroidism.

Hipertiroidismo en personas mayores de 65 años: serie de casos de un hospital universitario / Thyrotoxicosis in the elderly: case series report from a university hospital

Introducción: En Chile en las últimas décadas ha aumentado la población de personas mayores de 65 años. La tirotoxicosis en este grupo está asociada a complicaciones como fibrilación auricular (FA), insuficiencia cardiaca (ICC), osteoporosis y aumento de la mortalidad. En algunos casos puede presentarse con síntomas no específicos, cuadro conocido como hipertiroidismo apático. Objetivos: Evaluar las características clínicas de la tirotoxicosis en personas mayores. Método: Serie de casos retrospectiva. Se analizaron fichas clínicas de pacientes mayores de 65 años con el diagnóstico de tirotoxicosis controlados en nuestro centro entre enero de 2012 y mayo de 2018. Resultados: En el periodo estudiado 54 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de tirotoxicosis. Se excluyen 4 por datos incompletos. El 80% corresponden a mujeres. La mediana de edad fue 71 años (rango 65-94), sin diferencias por género (p=0,61). La etiología más frecuente fue enfermedad de Graves (EG) en 64%, seguido por bocio multinodular hiperfuncionante en 20%, adenoma tóxico en 10% y asociada a fármacos en 6%. De los pacientes con EG, 28% presentó orbitopatía distiroidea (OD) clínicamente evidente. Un 30% se diagnosticó en contexto de baja de peso, deterioro cognitivo o patología cardiovascular, sin presentar síntomas clásicos de hipertiroidismo. Un 16% presentó FA, 14% ICC y 6% fractura osteoporótica. El 28% fue diagnosticado durante una hospitalización o requirió ser hospitalizado durante los meses siguientes. Los mayores de 75 años presentan una mayor probabilidad de hipertiroidismo apático (OR 5,1, IC95% 1,15-22,7 p=0,01). Además, las complicaciones aumentan en mayores de 75 años, encontrándose en este grupo todos los casos de FA. Conclusiones: La etiología más común de tirotoxicosis fue la EG, a diferencia de lo reportado en otras poblaciones. Un número importante de pacientes debutó sin síntomas clásicos de hipertiroidismo, principalmente mayores de 75 años, por lo que se debe tener una alta sospecha en este grupo etario.

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism in the elderly can produce severe complications such as atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (CHF) and osteoporosis. In the elderly, thyrotoxicosis may have only nonspecific symptoms, known as apathetic hyperthyroidism. Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of thyrotoxicosis in the elderly. Methods: Retrospective case series. We reviewed clinical records of patients with thyrotoxicosis older than 65 years, between January 2012 and March 2019. Results: During this period, 54 patients were diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis. Four patients were excluded due to incomplete data. 80% were women. The average age was 73 years (range 65-94), without age difference between gender (p=0,61). The most frequent etiology was Graves' disease in 64%. Hyperfunctioning multinodular goiter was confirmed in 20%, toxic adenoma in 10% and drug-associated in 6%. Twenty eight percent of Graves' disease patients had dysthyroid orbitopathy. Thirty percent presented as apathetic hyperthyroidism. Sixteen percent of the patients presented AF, 14% CHF, and 6% osteoporotic fracture. Twenty-eight percent were diagnosed during hospitalization or required hospitalization in the following months. Those older than 75 years had a greater probability of presenting apathetic hyperthyroidism (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.15- 22.7 p=0.01). Complications increase in this age group, with all cases of AF. Conclusions: The most common etiology of thyrotoxicosis in this group was GD. This differs from other populations. A significant number of patients presented without classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism, especially in people older than 75 years. Special attention should be paid to atypical symptoms of hyperthyroidism in this group.

Tiroiditis subaguda con ausencia de captación cintigráfica unilateral inicial / Subacute thyroiditis with initial unilateralabsence of scintigraphic uptake

Subacute thyroiditis is a transient inflammatory process of the thyroid gland and the most common cause of painful thyroiditis. It usually involves the whole thyroid. We present a clinical case of a 45 years old woman developing tachycardia, fever and painful sensation in the left anterior cervical region after an upper respiratory tract infection. In addition the patient presented an enlarged and painful left thyroid lobe. Laboratory analysis demonstrated elevated acute phase reactants, high T4 levels and suppressed thyrotropin with absence of antithyroid antibodies. Thyroid scintigram showed an absent left radioactive iodine uptake. One month later the patient started with malaise, fatigue with an enlarged painful right thyroid lobe. A new scintigram showed complete absence of radioactive iodine uptake. A course of prednisone was initiated with excellent clinical response. Four months later the patient was asymptomatic with normal thyroid function.

An Interesting Case of Thyrotoxicosis with Choreoathetosis - A Rare Association.

Thyrotoxicosis may present with spectrum of movement disorders. Though tremor is most frequently associated, chorea has also been reported rarely. A rare case of thyrotoxicosis in a young female presenting with choreoathetotic movement is reported here. The choreoathetotic movement in this case was attributed to thyrotoxicosis based on clinical and biochemical criteria after exclusion of other causes.

Tormenta tiroidea / Thyroid storm

La tormenta tiroidea es una de las situaciones más críticas entre las emergencias endocrinas y tiene una significativa mortalidad. La etiología más común de tirotoxicosis es la enfermedad de Graves y el factor precipitante que predomina es la infección. Clínicamente se caracteriza por la disfunción de varios sistemas (termorregulador, nervioso central, gastrointestinal y cardiovascular), con niveles de hormonas tiroideas libres o totales por encima de los valores normales. El tratamiento debe tener un enfoque multidisciplinario, e incluye medidas de soporte en unidades de cuidados intensivos, normalización de la temperatura corporal, reducción de la producción y liberación de hormonas tiroideas, con antitiroideos de síntesis y yodo respectivamente, bloqueo de los efectos periféricos mediante la administración de beta-bloqueadores, y corrección del factor desencadenante. Una vez que el paciente se encuentra estable es necesario planificar una terapia definitiva que impida la recurrencia futura de la crisis tirotóxica(AU)

The thyroid storm is one of the most critical situations in the endocrine emergencies and exhibits a significant mortality rate. The most common etiology of thyrotoxicosis is Graves' disease and the predominant precipitating factor is infection. The clinical characteristics are dysfunction of several systems (heat-regulator, central nervous, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular), and levels of total or free thyroid hormones that exceed the normal values. The treatment must be multidisciplinary and include support measures in intensive care units, normalization of body temperature, reduction of the production and the release of thyroid hormones by using synthesis and iodine anti-thyroid products respectively, blockade of the peripheral effects through administration of Beta-blockers and correction of the unleashing factor. Once the patients are stabilized, it is necessary to plan the final therapy that will prevent the future recurrence of the thyrotoxic crisis(AU)

Frequency of thyroid carcinoma in multinodular goitre

To determine the frequency of carcinoma in thyroidectomies for multinodular goitre [MNG]. This was a prospective descriptive study, conducted in department of general surgery, Nishtar Medical College, Multan [NMC] from July 1998 to December 2004. Only 255 patients with confirmed multinodular goitre were considered in the study. All were from either sex and above the age of 12 years. Out of 255 patients, 213 were female and 42 males with female to male ratio of 5:1. The patients with swelling in front of neck were 180 [70.58%], with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis 30 [11.76%], with dysphagia 21 [8.23%], with dyspnoea 15 [5.88%] and with hoarseness of voice 9 [3.52%]. Thyroid carcinoma was reported in 21 patients [8.23%]. Papillary carcinoma was the most common 57.14% and Follicular carcinoma was 28.57%. Papillary to follicular ratio was 2:1. Risk of malignancy in Multinodular goitre should not be underestimated. It should be considered for surgery, especially if it has very hard nodules and / or dominant nodules are present in multinodular goitre

Aspectos patogênicos e clínicos do bócio multinodular / Pathogenic and clinical aspects of multinodular goiter

O bócio multinodular (BMN) é definido como um aumento da glândula tireóide secundário à proliferação multifocal de tireócitos e caracteriza-se pela heterogeneidade no crescimento e função das células foliculares. O BMN é considerado uma neoplasia benigna da tireóide. É uma doença comum, com aumento da prevalência em áreas com deficiência de iodo, sendo este o principal fator etiológico ambiental. A patogênese desta disfunção tireoidiana ainda não está inteiramente elucidada. Nesta revisão serão abordados os principais mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese, seguidos das implicações clínicas dessa patologia.

Multinodular goiter (MNG) is defined as an enlargement of the thyroid gland that is characterized by heterogeneity in growth and function of thyroid follicular cells. MNG is now considered a true thyroid neoplasm. It is a common disease, with higher prevalences in iodine deficiency areas. Iodine deficiency is the main environmental etiologic factor for MNG. The pathogenesis of multinodular goiter is not yet fully clarified. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of MNG with respect to the pathology, etiologic and clinical characteristics.

La tiroiditis bifásica: un patrón fisiopatológico en las tiroiditis

La disfunción tiroidea es una observación común en el curso evolutivo de las tiroiditis. En las fases avanzadas de la tiroiditis crónica autoinmune es muy frecuente el hallazgo de hipotiroidismo clínico o subclínico, como consecuencia del reemplazo glandular por la fibrosis y atrofia resultantes. El hipotiroidismo permanente también es una secuela común en la tiroiditis silente y poco frecuente en la tiroiditis subaguda. Por otra parte, se conoce como “tiroiditis destructiva”, al proceso inflamatorio tiroideo acompañado de destrucción del epitelio glandular y tirotoxicosis transitoria, que usualmente ocurre en los primeros meses de evolución de las tiroiditis subaguda y silente o, en un porcentaje menor, durante el curso de la tiroiditis crónica autoinmune. Desórdenes que tienen diferente patogénesis, como, la tiroiditis subaguda, vinculada con las infecciones virales, o las tiroiditis silente o posparto y la enfermedad de Hashimoto, reconocidos procesos autoinmunes, son responsables de fenómenos fisiopatológicos similares que dan origen a la “tiroiditis bifásica”. De manera característica, estos casos desarrollan secuencialmente, tirotoxicosis pasajera que va seguida de hipotiroidismo transitorio y recuperación. En dos muestras venezolanas, la tirotoxicosis pasajera y el hipotiroidismo transitorio con el patrón de la tiroiditis bifásica se observó, respectivamente, en 86 % y 27 % de los casos de tiroiditis subaguda y, el patrón bifásico, en los cuatro casos de tiroiditis silente o posparto. En la muestra de tiroiditis crónica autoinmune, no se observó ningún caso de tiroiditis bifásica. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la tiroiditis bifásica son consecuencia directa de la inflamación tiroidea y la autoinmunidad, que también implica a los anticuerpos estimulantes o bloqueadores del receptor de la hormona estimulante de la tiroides.

La observación de este patrón funcional y su reversibilidad, constituye indudablemente un comportamiento sui generis en las enfermedades de las glándulas endocrinas, en las que hiper o hipofunción espontáneas, suelen ocurrir aislada y permanentemente. Por eso, parece justificado presentar sendos casos típicos de tiroiditis subaguda, silente y crónica autoinmune, en los cuales, el patrón de la tiroiditis bifásica fue el hallazgo más relevante de su evolución clínica.

Thyroid dysfunction is commonly observed in the clinical course of thyroiditis. Clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism frequently occurred in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis as a consequence of progressive glandular replacement by fibrosis and atrophy. Also, permanent hypothyroidism is a common sequel of silent thyroiditis, unusual in subacute thyroiditis. Thyroid inflammatory process associated to destruction of glandular epithelium and transitory thyrotoxicosis is known as “destructive thyroiditis”, which frequently occurred in the first months of subacute or silent thyroiditis evolution or, in a little percentage, during the course of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Disorders with different pathogenesis, as subacute thyroiditis which is entailed with viral infections or, silent-postpartum or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, known autoimmune diseases, are responsible of similarly pathophysiological phenomena which originated “biphasic thyroiditis”. Characteristically, these cases developed sequentially transitory thyrotoxicosis, which is followed by transient hypothyroidism and recovery. In two Venezuelan samples, transitory thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism with biphasic patron were observed, respectively, in 86 % and 27 % of thyroiditis subacute cases and, the biphasic patron, in the four cases with silent or postpartum thyroiditis. In the sample of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, no cases of biphasic thyroiditis were observed.

The pathophysiological mechanisms of biphasic thyroiditis are direct consequence of thyroidal inflammation and autoimmunity, which also imply the effects of stimulating or blocking antibodies for the stimulant thyroid hormone receptor. Undoubtedly, this functional patron and its reversibility, constitutes a sui generis behavior in the endocrine glands diseases, in which spontaneous hyper or hypo function usually occurred isolated and permanently. These reasons justify the report of these typical cases of subacute, silent and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, in which, the patron of biphasic thyroiditis was the most relevant finding of his clinical evolution.

Evidencias de doença tireoideana cronica subclinica em portadoras da sindrome de Turner / Evidences for subclinical chronic thyroid disease in patients with Turner Syndrome

O seguimento de pacientes com síndrome de Turner (ST) fteqüentemente revela alterações transitórias, recorrentes e assintomáticas de TSH e(ou) hormônios tireoideanos (HT). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar estrutura e função da tireóide de portadoras da ST com história de alterações subclínicas nas concentrações hormonais. A casuística incluiu 17 pacientes com 5,92 a 22,58 anos (média: 14,64). Na primeira avaliação, foram realizadas mensurações das concentrações séricas de TSH, T4 livre,T3 totale anticorpos anti-TPO e anti-Tg, ultra-sonografia (USG) e cintilografia. As pacientes foram seguidas durante dois anos com mensurações semestrais de hormônios e anticorpos e, ainda, nova USG na avaliação final. Doze compareceram às cinco consultas previstas, das quais 11 foram submetidas às duas USG e à cintilografia. Houve alterações de TSH e(ou) HT em 14 casos, em cinco dos quais foi necessário introduzir tratamento para hipotireoidismo (quatro) ou hipertireoidismo (um). Ao final do estudo, dez das 17 pacientes tinham anticorpos presentes naquele momento ou nos exames anteriores. Na avaliação inicial (16 pacientes), só uma paciente teve USG totalmente normal, e todas as demais apresentavam alterações volumétricas (tireomegalia em 14). Na segunda USG (15 casos), quartoze apresentavam alterações volumétricas. Nas duas avaliações, oito pacientes apresentavam outras alterações compatíveis com doença crônica da tireóide, particularmente heterogeneidade do parênquima. A cintilografia foi normal em 13/16 casos. Na primeira e na última avaliação...

Ihe folIow up of patients with Iumer syndrome (IS) trequently reveals transient, recurrent and asymptomatic variations of ISH andeor) thyroid hormones (IH). Ihe aim of this work was to evaluate thyroid structure and function in patients with IS who had had episodes of subclinical abnormalities of TSH and(or) TH. Our sample comprised 17 patients aged 5.92 to 22.58 years (mean: 14.64). In the first evaluation, serum levels of TSH, free T4, total T3, anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were determined, and thyroid ultrasound (US) and scintigraphy were done. Ihe patients were followed each six months for two years with measurement of TSH, TH and thyroid antibodies, and another US was done at the end of the study. Iwelve patients attended all five consultations, and 11 were subject to both US and scintigraphy. In 14 cases there were abnormal ISH andeor) IH levels, and five patients had to be treated due to hypothyroidism (four) or hyperthyroidism (one). At the end ofthe study, ten patients had thyroid antibodies at that moment or in clinical history. In the first US (16 patients), only one patient had a totally normal examination, and alI the others had abnormal thyroid volume (thyromegaly in 14 cases). In the second US (15 patients), alI had abnormal thyroid volume. In both examinations, eight patients had other features compatible with chronic thyroid disorder, particularly heterogeneous echogenicity. Scintigraphy was normal in 13/16 cases. In the first and last evaluations, the finding of abnormal TSH and(or) IR levels was independent of age, length of time since the first episode was detected, and thyroid volume, and was also...

ARDS in a case of vesicular mole with secondary hyperthyroidism.

Vesicular mole is best regarded as a benign neoplasia of the chorion with malignant potentials. In India, the prevalence is one in four hundred pregnancies.We present one such case who presented with thyrotoxicosis and pulmonary edema.

Thyrotoxicosis with heart block

We report the case of a young lady who presented with throtoxicosis secondary to viral thyroditis [De Quervain's thyroiditis]. She was also found to have sinus tachycardia with first degree heart block, which could not be accounted for by any other cause. We discuss whether beta blockers can be used in this situation

Estudo morfométrico do fígado de ratos submetidos a doses supra fisiológicas de tiroxina / Liver morphological study of rats submitted to supra physiologic doses of thyroxine

Tireotoxicose é o estado hipermatabólico causado pelo excesso de hormônios tireoidianos circulantes, que exercem sua funçäo praticamente em todos os tecidos. No presente estudo avaliou-se, por métodos estereológicos, o fígado de ratos tratados com doses supra fisiológicas de T4 (20µg/10g de peso de corporal) durante 20 dias. Os níveis séricos de T4 desses animais estavam significantemente elevados (p=0,02). Houve tendência a perda de peso corporal dos animais tratados em relaçäo ao grupo controle (p=0,10), enquanto o peso do fígado teve aumento, embora näo significativo (p=0,08). A proporçäo do parênquima lobular foi maior (p=0,05) e a fraçäo volumétrica do parênquima lobular ocupada pelas células de Kupffer foi significantemente menor (p=0,05) nos animais hipertireóideos que nos controles. Houve depleçäo que nos controles. Houve depleçäo significativa do glicogênio hepático na parênquima lobular, em relaçäo ao grupo controle (p=0,008). Concluiu-se, entäo, que a tireotoxicose provoca hiperplasia e/ou hipertrofia dos hepatócitos, com reduçäo das reservas energéticas.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in mexican mestizo patients: a clinical, biochemical and HLA-Serological study

Background. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is characterized by episodes of neuromuscular weakness occurring in the context of hypokalemia and hyperthyroidism and has been predominantly described in Oriental populations. Whereas it is uncommon in Caucasians and Blacks, TPP does occur in individuals of Native American descent. The objective was to analyze the clinical, biochemical, and HLA characteristics of group of Mexican mestizo patients with TPP. Methods. The sample was comprised of 14 men with TPP diagnosed since january 1990, based on one or more episodes of flaccid paralysis, accompanied by hypokalemia and occurring in the context of clinical and biochemical hyperthyroidism. Eight were available HLA testing. Results. Hyperthyroidsm was diagnosed before the development of periodic paralysis in five of the patients, whereas in six it occurred afterward. The severity of paralysis did not correlate with the degree of either hypokalemia or hyperthyroidism. An increased frequency of HLA-DR3 was found in Graves' patients without paralysis but not in those with paralysis, as compared to the general population. Conclusions. TPP is more common than previously thoought in Mexicans, in whom it behaves as in other Native American groups. The lack of HLA-DR3 association in Graves' patients with TPP is interesting, but at the moment has no pathophysiological implications

Hipertiroidismo y su tratamiento / Hyperthyroidism and its treatment

El hipertiroidismo afecta el 0,5 a 1,0 por ciento de la población general, siendo 10 veces más frecuente en la mujer que en el hombre. El 85 por ciento de los casos corresponde a enfermedad de Basedow-Graves de naturaleza autoinmune. El 15 por ciento restante se debe a bocio multinodular y adenoma tóxico, tiroiditis de Quervain, etc. Hay casos iatrogénicos tales como los debido a administración de amiodarona. El cuadro clínico es una combinación de manifestaciones de tirotoxicosis, bocio y oculopatía y de compromiso muscular y cardíaco. El tratamiento consiste en administración de drogas antitiroídeas (propiltiouracilo); yodo radioactivo y/o resección quirúrgica según los casos

Thyroid function and human chorionic gonadotropin in patients with hydatidiform mole.

Sixty-seven patients with molar pregnancy were studied on admission to Rajvithi Hospital from 1992 to 1996. Thyroid function tests and serum hCG concentrations were measured. On the basis of thyroid function test results, the patients could be subdivided into three groups; Group I (hyperthyroid), Group II (subclinical hyperthyroid) and Group III (nontoxic). We found significant correlation between hCG and T4, T3 and FT4I levels (rho = 0.559, p < 0.001 n = 35; rho = 0.629, p < 0.001 n = 35; and rho = 0.465, p = 0.010 n = 30 respectively). These findings support that a variant hCG is responsible for hyperthyroidism observed in patients with molar pregnancy.

Thyrotoxicosis induced by metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma

We report our experience of dealing with a case of metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma with secondaries in the lungs, causing thyrotoxicosis and iron deficiency anaemia due to excessive bleeding per vaginum. The patient was managed successfully with methotrexate

Tiroiditis subaguda como causa frecuente de tirotoxicosis transitoria: experiencia en 11 casos / Sub-acute thyroiditis as a frequent cause of transitory thyrotoxicosis: experience in 11 cases

Se analizan los datos clínicos y de laboratorio de 11 pacientes (9 mujeres y 2 varones, edad promedio 41,2 años, rango 33-52) a quienes se les diagnosticó una tiroiditis subaguda en un período de 24 meses. Todos se presentaron con un bocio doloroso y niveles de T4 sérico en rango tirotóxico (19.11 ñ 3.71 ug/dl). La captación de I-131 de 24 hrs. estaba muy suprimida (rango 0-5%); en 9 casos la velocidad de eritrosedimentación estaba anormalmente elevada (rango 50-144 mm/h). Ocho pacientes recibieron tratamiento farmacológico con propranolol y/o aspirina; en 2 de ellos se usó prednisona en dosis bajas. La evolución fue satisfactoria para los 11 pacientes; se palpó una glándula tiroides indolora entre la 4- y la 11- semanas, junto a concentraciones normales de T4 sérico (8.01 ñ 2.26 ug/dl). La tirotoxicosis transitoria es la manifestación inicial de la tiroiditis subaguda y debe diferenciarse de otras causas de hipertiroidismo; el diagnóstico y tratamiento son sencillos y la evolución autolimitada y benigna

Tireotoxicose devido a carcinoma folicular de tireóide metastático / Thyrotoxicosis caused by follicular carcinoma of metastatic thyroid

Os autores relatam um raro caso de tireotoxicose devido a carcinoma folicular de tireóide com metástases funcionantes